Bava Metzia 202

בבית שומעין לו בשדה אין שומעין לו

In the case of a house, his demands are ignored; in the case of a field,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if one plants his neighbour's field without permission, and then desires to remove the plants. ');">¹</span>

בשדה מ"ט משום ישוב א"י איכא דאמרי משום כחשא דארעא מאי בינייהו איכא בינייהו חוצה לארץ:

they are granted. Why so in the case of a field? — For the sake of the cultivation of Palestine. Others say: Because of the impoverishment of the soil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The plants, in drawing their sustenance from the soil, have impoverished it, and the owner of the field is entitled to some compensation. ');">²</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> המשכיר בית לחבירו בימות הגשמים אינו יכול להוציאו מן החג ועד הפסח בימות החמה שלשים יום ובכרכים אחד ימות החמה ואחד ימות הגשמים שנים עשר חדש ובחנויות אחד עיירות ואחד כרכים שנים עשר חדש רשב"ג אומר חנות של נחתומים ושל צבעים שלש שנים:

Wherein do they differ?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These two answers. ');">³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מ"ש ימות הגשמים דכי אגר איניש ביתא בימות הגשמים אגר לכולהו ימות הגשמים ימות החמה נמי דכי אגר איניש ביתא לכולהו ימות החמה אגר אלא בימות הגשמים היינו טעמא דלא שכיח ביתא למיגר

— In respect to the Diaspora.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first reason does not hold good there, and so his request is acceded to; the second does, hence it is ignored. ');">⁴</span>

אימא סיפא בכרכים אחד ימות החמה ואחד ימות הגשמים שנים עשר חדש ואילו מלו ליה יומי שכירות בימות הגשמים מפיק ליה ואמאי הא לא שכיח ביתא למיגר

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF ONE RENTS A HOUSE TO HIS NEIGHBOUR IN WINTER, HE CANNOT EVICT HIM FROM THE FESTIVAL<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'The Festival', without a qualifying epithet, always means the Festival of Tabernacles. ');">⁵</span>

אמר רב יהודה להודיע קתני וה"ק המשכיר בית לחבירו סתם אין יכול להוציאו בימות הגשמים מחג ועד הפסח אלא א"כ הודיעו שלשים יום מעיקרא

UNTIL PASSOVER. IN SUMMER, [HE CANNOT EVICT HIM FOR] THIRTY DAYS. IN LARGE CITIES, WHETHER IN SUMMER OR IN WINTER, [THE PERIOD IS] TWELVE MONTHS. BUT WITH RESPECT TO SHOPS, WHETHER IN TOWNS OR IN LARGE CITIES, [HE NEED NOT QUIT FOR] TWELVE MONTHS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the shopkeeper gives credit, and he may lose it if he moves frequently. ');">⁶</span>

תניא נמי הכי כשאמרו שלשים וכשאמרו שנים עשר חדש לא אמרו אלא להודיעו וכשם שמשכיר צריך להודיע כך שוכר צריך להודיע דאמר ליה אי אודעתן הוה טרחנא ומותיבנא ביה איניש מעליא

R. SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID: A BAKER'S SHOP AND A DYER'S SHOP ARE FOR THREE YEARS.

אמר רב אסי אם נכנס יום אחד בימות הגשמים אינו יכול להוציאו מן החג עד הפסח והא אנן שלשים יום קאמר הכי קאמר אם נכנס יום אחד בימות הגשמים מהני שלשים יום אינו יכול להוציאו מן החג ועד הפסח

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Why is it different in winter? Because when one rents a house in winter it is for the whole of the winter!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It being assumed at this stage that 'in winter' means 'for winter.' ');">⁷</span>

אמר רב הונא ואם בא לרבות בדמיה מרבה א"ל רב נחמן האי לנקטיה בכובסיה דלשבקיה לגלימא לא צריכא דאייקור בתי:

Then does not the same apply to summer, for when one rents a house it is for the whole summer? — But as for winter, this is the reason, because houses are not available for renting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., 'in winter' and 'in summer' are meant literally, as the time of renting, the period being unspecified. ');">⁸</span>

פשיטא נפל ליה ביתא א"ל לא עדיפת מינאי

Then consider the second clause: BUT IN LARGE CITIES, WHETHER IN SUMMER OR IN WINTER, [THE PERIOD IS] TWELVE MONTHS. Hence, if this period expires in winter, he can evict him — but why, seeing that no house is available for renting? — Said Rab Judah: This refers to the notice that must be given. And this is what it [the Mishnah] teaches: If one rents his house to his neighbour for an unspecified period, he cannot evict him in winter [if the year expires then] between the Festival and Passover, unless he gave him notice [in the summer] thirty days before. It has been taught likewise: When they [the Sages] said thirty days or twelve months, it was only in respect of notice. And just as the landlord must inform him [that he will not renew the lease], so must the tenant give notice [that he will not re-rent it]. For otherwise he can say to him, 'Had you notified me, I would have taken the trouble to find a good tenant for it.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore he must pay him damages. ');">⁹</span>

זבניה או אורתיה או יהביה במתנה א"ל לא עדיפת מגברא דאתית מיניה

R. Assi said: If it [the lease] entered one day into winter, he cannot evict him from the Festival until Passover.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This was assumed to mean, if the year expired even one day in winter, he cannot be evicted the whole winter, irrespective of any notice given. ');">¹⁰</span>

כלליה לבריה חזינן אי הוה אפשר לאודועיה איבעי ליה לאודועיה ואי לא א"ל לא עדיפת מינאי

But we learnt: THIRTY DAYS! — He means thus: If one of these thirty days fell in winter, he cannot evict him from the Festival until Passover.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the whole of the thirty days' notice must fall in summer. ');">¹¹</span>

ההוא גברא דזבן ארבא דחמרא לא אשכח דוכתא לאותוביה אמר לה לההיא איתתא אית לך דוכתא לאוגרי אמרה ליה לא אזל קדשה יהבה ליה דוכתא לעייליה אזל לביתיה כתב לה גיטא שדר לה אזלא איהי אגרא שקולאי מיניה וביה אפיקתיה ואותביה בשבילא אמר רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע כאשר עשה כן יעשה לו גמולו ישוב בראשו

R. Huna said: Yet if he wishes to increase the rent, he can do so.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though he cannot evict him without due notice, he can nevertheless raise the rent at the expiration of the year without it. ');">¹²</span>

לא מיבעיא חצר דלא קיימא לאגרא אלא אפילו חצר דקיימא לאגרא אמרה ליה לכ"ע ניחא לי לאוגורי ולך לא ניחא לי דדמית עלי כי אריא ארבא:

R. Nahman demurred: This is like holding him by the secrets to force him to give up his cloak!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To permit him to raise the rent is the same as permitting him to evict. ');">¹³</span>

רשב"ג אומר של נחתומים ושל צבעין שלש שנים: תנא מפני שהקיפן מרובה:

But this [that he can raise the rent] holds good only if house rents advanced [in general].

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> המשכיר בית לחבירו המשכיר חייב בדלת בנגר ובמנעול ובכל דבר שמעשה אומן אבל דבר שאינו מעשה אומן השוכר עושהו

Now, it is obvious that if his own [sc. the landlord's] house fell in, [and no notice to quit had been given,] he can say to him, 'You are no better than I.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tenant must quit the house at the end of the year, because the fact that no houses are available operates now just as strongly in the landlord's favour, for he too could not have known that his house would fall in. ');">¹⁴</span>

הזבל של בעל הבית ואין לשוכר אלא היוצא מן התנור ומן הכירים בלבד:

If he sold, rented, or gifted it [to another], he [the tenant] can say to him [the new owner], 'You are no better than the man whence you derive your rights.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'come'. I.e., just as he could not have evicted me, so you cannot either. ');">¹⁵</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנו רבנן המשכיר בית לחבירו משכיר חייב להעמיד לו דלתות לפתוח לו חלונות לחזק לו תקרה לסמוך לו קורה ושוכר חייב לעשות לו סולם לעשות לו מעקה לעשות לו מרזב ולהטיח את גגו

If he appointed it a home for his son after marriage,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Rashi; Jast.: he gave it to his son as a bridal room, ');">¹⁶</span>

בעו מיניה מרב ששת מזוזה על מי מזוזה האמר רב משרשיא מזוזה חובת הדר היא אלא מקום מזוזה על מי

we consider [the matter], if it were possible for him [the landlord] to have informed him [that it would be needed for his son], then he should have informed him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Otherwise, he cannot evict him. ');">¹⁷</span>

אמר להו רב ששת תניתוה דבר שאין מעשה אומן השוכר עושהו והאי נמי לאו מעשה אומן הוא אפשר הוא

But if not, he can say to him, 'You are no better than I.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So he must quit. ');">¹⁸</span> A man once bought a boat-load of wine. Having nowhere to store it, he asked a certain woman, 'Have you a place for renting?' She replied, 'No.' So he went and married her, whereupon she gave him a place for storage. He then went home, wrote a divorce, and sent it to her. So she went, hired carriers against that itself,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To pay them out of that very wine, ');">¹⁹</span> and had it put out in the road. Said R. Huna, son of R. Joshua: As he did, so shall be done unto him, his requital shall recoil upon his head. Not only if it is not a courtyard that stands to be rented; but even if it is a courtyard that is for renting, she can say to him, 'To anybody else I am willing to rent it, but not to you, because you appear to me like a lion in ambush.' R. SIMON B. GAMALIEL SAID: A BAKER'S SHOP AND A DYER'S SHOP ARE FOR THREE YEARS. It has been taught: Because they give very much credit. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF ONE RENTS A HOUSE TO HIS NEIGHBOUR, THE LANDLORD MUST PROVIDE THE DOOR, DOOR-BOLT, LOCK, AND EVERYTHING WHICH REQUIRES A SKILLED WORKER. BUT WHAT DOES NOT REQUIRE A SKILLED WORKER MUST BE DONE BY THE TENANT. THE DUNG BELONGS TO THE LANDLORD, AND THE TENANT IS ENTITLED ONLY TO THAT WHICH ISSUES FROM THE OVEN OR THE POT RANGE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the ashes, which, like the dung, were valuable as manure. This is discussed in the Gemara. ');">²⁰</span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Our Rabbis taught: If a man rents a house to his neighbour, the landlord must erect doors, make the windows, strengthen the ceiling, and support the joists.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If these became damaged. ');">²¹</span> The tenant must provide the ladder [for ascending to the loft] parapet,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Round the roof of the house; v. Deut. XXII, 8. ');">²²</span> fix a gutterspout,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: a board that was placed near the eaves to carry off the water. Jast.: a detachable tube for that purpose. It was a simple affair, for the fixing of which no skill was required. ');">²³</span> and plaster his roof. R. Shesheth was asked: Who must provide the <i>mezuzah</i>?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');">²⁴</span> Is then the <i>mezuzah</i> a problem? Did not R. Mesharsheya Say: The obligation of the <i>mezuzah</i> lies upon the inhabitant? But [the question is,] who must provide the place for the <i>mezuzah</i>?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was fixed on the doorpost, in which, if of stone, a cavity was made to contain it. Now, who must make this cavity? ');">²⁵</span> — Said R. Shesheth to them: We have learnt it: BUT WHAT DOES NOT REQUIRE A SKILLED WORKER, MUST BE DONE BY THE TENANT; and this too requires no skill, [for] it can be [placed]